![]() ![]() Therefore, high TSH is the easiest way to diagnose inadequate thyroid function.Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains a significant challenge for modern clinicians. If the thyroid is not producing enough thyroid hormone, the pituitary will produce more TSH. Thyroid hormone is essential for almost every function in the body. – TSH is a hormone from the pituitary gland in the brain that tells the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. – GGT is another liver enzyme frequently included in the “liver panel.” GGT is a most sensitive indicator of liver stress or damage (even in the past) and is often elevated in patients who have had liver disease in the past or who are presently on a medication, drinking excess alcohol, or exposed to something that is putting stress on the liver. Elevations of AST (SGOT) or ALT (SGPT) enzymes can indicate stress on the liver (as can be caused by some medications or alcohol) or actual damage to liver cells (as in hepatitis, cirrhosis, or other liver disease). ![]() – AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) are two enzymes found within the cells of the liver. AST (SGOT)ĪSPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE) ALT (SGPT)ĪLANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE) A further test can be run to tell the difference between bone or liver alk phos. High levels of Alkaline phosphatase can be an indicator of blockage in the liver, or damage to bone. – Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the cells that line the ducts of the liver and also in bone. Greatly elevated bilirubin levels cause jaundice. Elevated levels usually indicate a problem with the liver’s ability to process bilirubin either through increased breakdown of red cells, or, more often, liver disease such as hepatitis. Bilirubin is a protein processed by the liver and excreted in the digestive tract through the gallbladder in bile. Hemoglobin is the red pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells. – Bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of hemoglobin. – Albumin/globulin ratio helps to discern if there is a problem with either globulin or albumin when the total protein is abnormal. There are many types of globulin that can be measured separately to determine what type of disease is going on if the globulin levels are abnormal. – Globulin is produced by the immune system (cells from the bone marrow). Low levels of Albumin are associated with liver disease. – Albumin is a protein produced by the liver. Protein level is the sum of the body’s albumin and globulin levels. Proteins are an indicator of body metabolism and general health of the liver and immune system. – proteins are the “building blocks” of the body. In this case, calcium is probably normal. ![]() This is because calcium is attached to proteins in the blood. Often calcium levels will be slightly outside normal ranges associated with either high or low total protein levels. Abnormal calcium levels are usually associated with malfunction of the parathyroid glands, or with severe illness. This is calcium in the bloodstream, important for proper function of the muscles. Low levels of Carbon dioxide are often associated with extreme stress on the body or abnormal kidney function. – Carbon dioxide levels are another indicator of kidney function, especially as they relate to the maintenance of the proper pH of the blood (balance between acidity and alkalinity in the body). Sodium, chloride, and potassium levels can be thrown out of balance (especially potassium) by diuretics (“water pills”). – Sodium, chloride, and potassium are the main salts in the bloodstream and are important indicators of kidney function. A low BUN/Creatinine ratio means creatinine is elevated relative to BUN. – when BUN level is elevated, the BUN/Creatinine ratio helps to determine if BUN elevation is due to dehydration or if it’s due to kidney problems. High levels of Creatinine are the best early indicator that the kidneys aren’t working properly. Creatinine is a protein and is filtered from the blood by the kidneys. – Creatinine is a by-product of muscle function. – high Urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are often associated with decreased kidney function or dehydration. ![]() Low levels are sometimes indicative of “hypoglycemia.” Urea nitrogen (BUN) High levels of Glucose (above 140 or so in the fasting state) are usually indicative of diabetes. The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel of lab test results look at the general state of the body with special attention to the function of the liver and kidneys. What do the Comprehensive Metabolic Panel lab results mean? ![]()
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